Plant physiologyUpplaga 4

Plant cells; Plant life: uniflying principles; Overview of plant structure; The cytoskeleton; Cell cycle regulation;Plasmodesmata; Energy and enzymes; Transport and translocation of water and solutes; Water and plant cells; Water structure and propérties of water; Water transport processes; Water balance of plant; Water in the soil; Water transport throught the xylem; Water movement from the feaf tio the atmosphere; Overview:the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum; Mineral nutrition; Essential nutrients, deficiencies and plant disorders; Soil, roots and microbes; Solute transport; Passive and active transport; Transport of ions across a membrane barrier; Membrane transport processes; Membrane transport proteins; Ion transport in roots; Biochemistry and metabolism; Photosynthesis: the light reactions; General Concepts; Experiments in understanding photosynthesis; Organization of the photosynthetic apparatus; Organization of light-absorbing antenna systems; Mechanisms of electron transport; Proton transport and ATP synthesis in the choroplast; Repair and regulation of the photosynthetic machinery; Genetics, assembly and evolution of photosynthetic systems; Photosynthesis: carbon reactions; The Calvin cycle; Regulation of the Calvin cycle; The CO2 oxidative photosynthetic carbon cycle; CO2 - Concentrating machasms; Photosynthesis: physiological ecological considerations; Light. leaves and photosynthesis; Units in the measurement of light; Photosynthetic responses to light by the intact leaf Photosynthetic responses to temperature; Photosynthetic responses to carbon dioxide; Crassulacean acid metabolism; Pathways of translocation; Patterns of translocation: source to sink; Materials translocated in the phoem; The pressure-flow model for phoem transport; Phoem loading; Phoem unloading and sink-to-source transitio; The transport of signaling molecules; Translocations in the phloem; Respiration and lipid metabolism; Glycolysis: acytosolic and plastidic process; The citric acid cycle: a mitochondrial matrix Mitochondrial electron transport and ATP synthesis; Respiration in the intact plants and tissues; Lipid metabolism; Assimilation of mineral nutrients; Nitrogen in the environment; Nitrate assimilation; Ammonium assimilation; Biological nitrogen fixation; Sulfur assimilation; Cation assimilation; Oxigen assimilation; the energetics of nutrient assimilation; Secondary metabolites and plant defense; Cutin, waxes and suberin, Secondary metabolites, Terpenes, Phenolic compounds, Nitrogen containing compounds, Induced plant defenses against insect herbivores; Plant defense against pathogens; III Growth development; Gene expression and signal transduction; Cell wall: structure, biogenesis and expansion; The struture and synthesis of plant cell walls; Patterns of cell expansion; the rate of cell elogation; Wall degradation and defense; Growth and development; Overview of plant growth and development; Embryogenesis: the orogins of polarity; Shoot apical meristem; Root apical meristem; Vegetative organogenesis; Senescence and programmed cell death; Phytochrome and light control of plant development; The photochemical and biochemical propeties of phytochrome; Characteristics of phytochrome induced responses; Struture and function of phytochrome proteins; Genetic analysis of phytochrome function; Phytochrome signaling pathways; Circadian rhythms; Ecological functions; Blue-light responses: stomatal movements and morphogenesis; The photophysiology of blue light responses; Blue light photoreceptors; Auxin; the growth hormone; Identification, biosynthesis and metabolism of auxin; Auxin transport; Actions of auxin: cell elongation; Actions of auxin: phototropism and gravitropism; Development effects of auxin; auxin signal transduction pathways; Gibberellins: egulaors of plant height seed germination; Gibberellins their discovery and chemical struture; Effects of gibberellins on rowth ans development; Biosynthesis and catabolism of gibberellins; Gibberellins signalling: significance of response; Gibberellins responses: the cereal aleurone layer; Gibberellins responses: flowering in long day plants; Gibberellins responses: stem growth; Cytokinins: regulators of cell division; Cell division and plant development; The dicovery, identification and properties of cytokinins; Biosynthesis. metabolism and transport of cytokinis; The biological roles of cytokinis; Cellular and molecular modes of cytokinin action; Ethylene: the gaseous hormone; Struture biosynthesis and measurement of ethylene; Development and physiological effects of ethylene; Ethylene signal transduction pathways; Abscisic acid: a seed maturation and antistress signal; Ocorrence, chemical struture and measurement of ABA; Biosynthesis, metabolism and ttansport of ABA; Development and physiological effects of ABA; ABA signal transduction pathways; Brassionosteroids; Brassionosteroids struture, occurrence genetic analysis; Biosynthesis, metabolism and transport of brassionosteroids; Brassionosteroids: effects on growth on and developement; The brassionosteroids signaling pathway; Prospective uses of brassionosteroids in agriculture; The control of flowering; Floral mersitems an floral organ development; Floral evocation: internal and extrensl cues; The shoot apex and phase changes; Circadian rhythms: the clock within; Photoperiodism: monitoring day lentgth; Vernalization: promoting flowering with cold, biochemical signaling involved in flowering; Stress physiology; Water deficit and drought tolerance; Heat stress and heat shock; Chilling and freezing; Salinity stress; Oxygen deficiency.