PHP 5 unleashedUpplaga 1

Introduction. Organization of the Book I. WORKING WITH PHP FOR GENERAL WEB DEVELOPMENT. 1. Basic PHP Development. How PHP Scripts Work Basic PHP Syntax Basic PHP Data Types Variable Manipulation Control Structures Logical Control Structures Repetition Control Structures Embedding Control Structures User-Defined Functions Dynamic Variables and Functions Dynamic Variables Dynamic Functions Multiple File PHP Scripts References Variable References References Used in Functions Strings in PHP Speed and Efficiency of String Expressions Comparing Strings Advanced String Comparison Comparing Phrases Search and Replacement Replacing Strings Formatting Strings Alternatives to printf() Strings and Locales Formatting Currency Values Formatting Date and Time Values Summary 2. Arrays. Basic Arrays Array Syntax Working with Arrays Implementing Arrays Using an Array as a List Using Arrays as a Sortable Table Using Arrays as a Lookup Table Converting from Strings to Arrays and Back More Array Materials 3. Regular Expressions. The Basics of Regular Expressions Limitations of the Basic Syntax POSIX Regular Expressions Perl-Compatible Regular Expressions (PCRE) Named Patterns PCRE Modifiers A Few Final Words 4. Working with Forms in PHP. HTML Forms 101 How Forms Are Created HTML Widgets Working with Form Submissions in PHP Retrieving Form Values Using Arrays as Widget Names Handling File Uploads Summary 5. Advanced Form Techniques. Data Manipulation and Conversion Dealing with Magic Quotes Data Conversion and Encoding Serialization Form Data Integrity Securing Hidden Elements The protect() Function The validate() Function Putting protect() and validate() into Action Form Processing Basic Form Processing and Validation General-Purpose Form Validation Separation of Presentation from Validation Summary 6. Persistent Data Using Sessions and Cookies. HTTP Cookies Cookie Features and Restrictions How Cookies Are Implemented Implementing Cookies in Your Scripts PHP Sessions Basic Session Use Session Propagation Advanced Sessions Custom Session Handling Customizing Session Support Summary 7. Using Templates. The What and Why of Templates Separating Common Elements from Code A (Quick) Template System Example The Smarty Template Engine Installing Smarty Basic Smarty: Variables and Modifiers Configuration Files and Functions Summary II. ADVANCED WEB DEVELOPMENT. 8. PEAR. What Is PEAR? A Code Library A Coding Standard A System for Distribution and Maintenance The PHP Foundation Classes The PEAR Package Manager A Diverse Community Getting and Installing PEAR On *NIX Systems On Windows Systems Through a Web Browser Using the PEAR Package Manager Listing Packages Finding Packages Installing and Upgrading Packages Uninstalling Packages Alternative Installation Methods Using the PEAR Website Browsing the Package List Searching for a Package Downloading and Installing a Package Using PEAR Packages in Applications Setting Up php.ini Including the Package Using Packages Not Installed Through pear Summary Reference Mailing Lists/Newsgroups WWW Other 9. XSLT and Other XML Concerns. Relating XML to HTML Using XSLT to Describe HTML Output Using XML Input XSL Stylesheets XSLT File Format Basics Commonly Used XSLT Instructions Using XSLT Instruction Elements with XSLT Patterns Sample XML to HTML Transformation Using XSLT PHP4 and XSLT Using the DOM XML Module Sample Transformation Using PHP4 and DOM XML DOM XML Functions and Properties of Note for XSLT Users Including XSLT Support in PHP4 via DOM XML PHP4 and XSLT Using the XSLT Module Sample Transformation Using PHP4 and XSLT XSLT Functions and Properties of Note Including XSLT Support in PHP4 via XSLT PHP5 and XSLT Sample Transformation Using PHP5 PHP5 Functions and Properties of Note for XSLT Users Including XSL Support in PHP5 Accessing XML Data Using SimpleXML Using SimpleXML in PHP Scripts Additional Notes About SimpleXML in PHP Scripts Generating XML Documents Using PHP Functions and Properties for Storing XML Objects as Files Summary References 10. Debugging and Optimizations. Debugging Your PHP Scripts Syntax-Related Bugs Logical Bugs Optimizing Your PHP Scripts The Secret to Finding Optimizations-Profiling Common PHP Bottlenecks and Solutions Summary 11. User Authentication. Authenticating Users in PHP Why? Using HTTP Authentication with Apache Using HTTP Authentication Using PHP Sessions Securing PHP Code Register_Globals Maximum Error Trust No One-Especially Not User Data Printing User Data Working with Files Working with Databases Summary 12. Data Encryption. Shared Secret Versus Public Key Shared Secret Algorithms Phrase Substitution Character Substitution Taking It Further Stronger Encryption Algorithms Public Key Cryptography The RSA Algorithm Signing Versus Safeguarding Man in the Middle Using Public Keys in PHP SSL Streams Generating a Public Key Certificate and Private Key Encrypting/Decrypting Data Encrypting and Sending Secure Emails Using S/MIME Summary 13. Object-Oriented Programming in PHP. Why Objects? Creating Basic Classes Private, Protected, and Public Constructors and Destructors Class Constants Static Methods Class Inheritance Advanced Classes Abstract Classes and Methods Interfaces Final Classes and Methods Special Methods Getters and Setters The __call() Method The __toString() Method Class Autoloading Object Serialization Exceptions Understanding the Call Stack The Exception Class Throwing and Catching Exceptions Iterators Summary 14. Error Handling. The PHP Error-Handling Model Error Types What to Do About Errors The Default Error Handler Error Suppression Custom Error Handlers Causing Errors Putting It All Together Summary 15. Working with HTML/XHTML Using Tidy. Introduction Basic Tidy Usage Parsing Input and Retrieving Output Cleaning and Repairing Documents Identifying Problems Within Documents Tidy Configuration Options Tidy Options at Runtime Tidy Configuration Files Using the Tidy Parser How Documents Are Stored in Tidy The Tidy Node Applications of Tidy Tidy as an Output Buffer Converting Documents to CSS Reducing Bandwidth Usage Beautifying Documents Extracting URLs from a Document Summary 16. Writing Email in PHP. The MIME Protocol Implementing MIME Email in PHP The MIMEContainer and MIMESubcontainer Classes The MIMEAttachment, MIMEContent, and MIMEMessage Classes Summary III. BUILDING APPLICATIONS IN PHP. 17. Using PHP for Console Scripting. Core CLI Differences Working with PHP CLI Command-Line Arguments and Return Codes CLI Tools and Extensions The Readline Extension Creating User Interfaces Summary 18. SOAP and PHP. What Are Web Services? Transport with SOAP Description with WSDL Directory Lookup with UDDI Installation Creating Web Services Consuming Web Services Looking for Web Services Summary 19. Building WAP-Enabled Websites. What Is WAP? System Requirements Nokia Mobile Internet Toolkit Ericsson WapIDE Openwave SDK Motorola Wireless IDE/SDK Introduction to WML WML Structure Text Links Graphics WML Forms Serving WAP Content MIME Types Web Server Configuration Setting MIME Type from PHP Client Detection Displaying Graphics Sample Applications Server-Side Form Data Processing WAP Cinema Reservation System Summary IV. I/O, SYSTEM CALLS, AND PHP. 20. Working with the File System. Working with Files in PHP Reading and Writing Text Files Reading and Writing Binary Files Working with Directories in PHP File Permissions How Unix Permissions Work Working with Permissions from PHP File Access Support Functions Logic Functions File Manipulation Specialized File Access Summary 21. Network I/O. DNS/Reverse DNS Lookups Retrieving the DNS Record by IP Retrieving IP Addresses Based on Hostname Determining DNS Record Information Socket Programming Socket Basics Creating a New Socket Dealing with Socket Errors Creating Client Sockets Creating Server Sockets Working with Multiple Sockets at Once Network Helper Functions Summary 22. Accessing the Underlying OS from PHP. Introduction Unix-Specific OS Functionality Direct Input and Output (I/O) PHP POSIX Functions Unix Process Control Platform-Independent System Functions Executing Applications from PHP Basic External Application Execution Single-Direction External Command Pipes Dealing with the System Environment A Brief Note About Security Summary V. WORKING WITH DATA IN PHP. 23. Introduction to Databases. Using the MySQL Client Basic MySQL Usage RDBMS Fundamentals Performing Queries Using SQL Summary 24. Using MySQL with PHP. Performing Queries from PHP MySQLi Basics Executing Multiple Queries Creating a Visitor-Tracking System Prepared Statements Transactions A MySQLi Session Handler What Is a Custom Session Handler? Defining Your Own Session Handler The MySQLi Session Handler Summary 25. Using SQLite with PHP. What Makes SQLite Unique? General Differences Between SQLite and MySQL How SQLite Deals with Textual and Numeric Types How SQLite Treats NULL Values Accessing a Database from Multiple Processes Basic SQLite Functionality Opening and Closing Databases Performing Queries Retrieving Results Handling Errors Navigating Resultsets Working with PHP UDFs in SQLite Calling PHP Functions in SQL Queries Odds and Ends Summary 26. PHP's dba Functions. Preparations and Settings Creating a File-Based Database Writing Data Reading Data Sample Application Conclusion VI. GRAPHICAL OUTPUT WITH PHP. 27. Working with Images. Basic Image Creation Using GD Retrieving Image information Using the PHP/GD Drawing Functions Drawing Line-Based Geometric Shapes Drawing Curved Surfaces Filled Shapes and Image Functions Working with Colors and Brushes Working with the Image Palette Drawing Using Brushes Using Fonts and Printing Strings Using GD's Internal Fonts Using TrueType Fonts Using Postscript Type 1 General Image Manipulation Copying One Image to Another Other Graphics Functions EXIF Functions Summary 28. Printable Document Generation. A Note Regarding the Examples in This Part Generating Dynamic RTF Documents Generating Dynamic PDF Documents The PDFLib Coordinate System Using PDFLib Configuration Parameters Generating PDF Documents from Scratch Related Resources VII. APPENDIXES. Appendix A. Installing PHP5 and MySQL. Installing PHP5 Linux Windows Mac OS X Installing MySQL and PHP Modules Linux Windows Installing PEAR Appendix B. HTTP Reference. What Is HTTP? PHP Programming Libraries for HTTP Work Understanding an HTTP Transaction HTTP Client Methods What Comes Back: Server Response Codes HTTP Headers Encoding Identifying Clients and Servers The "Referer" Fetching Content from an HTTP Source Media Types Cookies: Preserving State and a Tasty Treat Security and Authorization Client-Side Caching of HTTP Content Appendix C. Migrating Applications from PHP4 to PHP5. Configuration Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) New Behavior of Functions Further Reading Appendix D. Good Programming Techniques and Performance Issues. Common Style Mistakes Configuration Directives PHP Is Forgiving, to a Fault Reinventing the Wheel Variables-Use Them, Don't Abuse Them Common Security Concerns Unintended Consequences System Calls Preventing System Call Attacks Securing File Uploads Style and Security-Logging Logging Custom Error Messages Summary Appendix E. Resources and Mailing Lists. Relevant Websites Mailing Lists and Newsgroups Index.